[Raise-faculty] Fwd: New Report: Foundation Models for Scientific Discovery and Innovation: Opportunities Across the Department of Energy and the Scientific Enterprise

Sun Dec 21 14:33:46 PST 2025

Dear RAISE at UCR colleagues,
the National Academies just came up with a new report on foundation models
for scientific discovery; please find the report attached to this email. It
seems very related to the discussions we had during and after the UC
lab-fees workshop we organized with the DOE labs last year (AI for
Science). It may be of interest to many of you.

best (and happy holidays)
Vassilis and Amit

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: National Academies <nasem at nationalacademies.org>
Date: Sun, Dec 21, 2025 at 11:33 AM
Subject: New Report: Foundation Models for Scientific Discovery and
Innovation: Opportunities Across the Department of Energy and the
Scientific Enterprise
To: <vtsotras at ucr.edu>

A new National Academies’ report explores how DOE can develop foundation
models to advance scientific discovery.
View in browser
<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL45nXHCW7lCGcx6lZ3nXW4rChXy7ZVjnXW74D0S36lxkq3W89Bxmj1mDM_pW7kH_H118vZp6W7ZJm5s7bLbrrW6ZlgF57YnfvBW4ztwnf1VxnZQW8M4Tl25qWjMGW1fth2Z6-pgDrW4GW14w5v9srDW6qvl9J3Lsd_0W5KW-VP8LFHFbW76lvVN1hll_DW6mgkNw4bwvxQW25r1-87Hn2SpN5kKD87ljzkKN871K3-zTzJQW52g8ng4vyZC_W3_JtY68cyRRCVWN82446SWW1W8XLcHZ4cPylZW47c-kw98s8nCW8bDl_P85gD-yW28BcXN519ZgsW831VXh4G7MHmW19Zc-t6dK77_W35P5p313mM8YW8yX-mf334YT3W33p5CV6jyXsnW88bpQx78b6ySW3vMCqz2cjFhmW97yLT22fhtxgW69_z893lD8M8W3T-kn47nX2d5W6W99Fx2wq1WbW4z5Jy16L3gp0N5_1GFxdD0t3W3cmLq795J0mpW7gCKxB8lWzcSW40NcF95w9p1Xf9ghTj004>
[image: NASEM_Logo_white-tight]
[image: An abstract 3D composition of blue and white cubes and spheres with
orange accents.]
Foundation Models for Scientific Discovery and Innovation: Opportunities
Across the Department of Energy and the Scientific Enterprise
CONSENSUS STUDY REPORT

Our new report recommends ways the Department of Energy can harness
foundation models and artificial intelligence to revolutionize scientific
discovery, from autonomous labs to technology development.
*Download the report*
<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxLH3qn9qW8wLKSR6lZ3pjN4Glsy8zdjYlW28JPLr5KR7KkW72lxfj6mB6TBW6PS9HH2MfxWgW13wCkv6cmdm_W4ppxK_3M-Y1PW1MB07_1CjBXSW5TqcCX1Fbf7tN9f7Qbw3nK7zW6jjL-T353qgHW7KnqbQ5v6TztW38Dk_j5rQv2gW7CXqzQ2K_H4tW8srMn33pmtwLW66kpnq5KS6k9W3fbzGG6fLQLKW6mLl5Y5LlzrjW2tR-QT1s8S2qW31BkbR8MF7cKW3j2cH02hYD_dW1W68j-5xdcnvW7RrL3Q7TxyclVTl8Zg7mmb6xVQ7xG177NG_SN30scY0YQF3ZW2fqccZ7ctRGZVYTds57QN1LVW6WQCGj6c97jZf4KDk1T04>

Foundation models—artificial intelligence systems trained on massive data
sets to perform a wide range of tasks—have the potential to transform
scientific discovery and innovation.

At the request of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National
Academies conducted a study to consider the capabilities of current
foundation models as well as future possibilities and challenges. The
report explores how foundation models can complement traditional
computational methods to advance scientific discovery, highlights
successful use cases, and recommends strategic approaches and investments
to support DOE’s mission.

Explore the report and report resources below:

   - Full Report
   <https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxLH3qn9qW8wLKSR6lZ3nxW5LzLXz4YfWm9W5HvwWs7rpscdW8pTdGN5Rxyg_W3DGkc-6WxgYLW8_0sD477bx4GW416v2g6R4P9tW7zYvV81vPtClW8mFSVV4Q8Vf6W8cYrS18GmkrtVcZDVz17DC-vW8vSMRv7rnnJhW2VxMyz93xHSvW6rrvZH4sMW5hW1zYmng3qSl8wW64DlDw86LpNXW7qPrcf177bMDW6L7k158fgkS7W3JYstL3XvHCDW6WpRPh37zfkZW98KDfW8j5VD7W6c1CvB23Nt8fW4M6gFb1ZKqH9W7SJhDb96RBYHW7tV4Zb2YCdzTW2xWg3R8HLdVbW5c-KPX4GjcXXW1nQQWG6tsMCHW4h3R-x3FngbVf3xjhqC04>

   - One-Pager
   <https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL-3qn9qW95jsWP6lZ3m6W6KRJ-g3H-KDGW1cdpSm1YdzCdVLXFBV3C1fSVW6kD3J13x35l1W5QcDmc7TcrTtN97gwqzwtKrVW4jttC23Sr9PpW8q49y58bZyVlVRZF888GW1XmW7Ypsm43740JHW1ssGMP5XfbNkW4M6hNK17Gzz5W1qL79g27qhTdVszcx76SPncxW88wflF614Z0vW5q6GVS89qCfQW1s5fLq7XSgBFW1zTqMS2Q50dwW6XDbSY5Qw30QW860JT-6WhxNDW5Zxt3649tg_5W5ZzWp129SJ9VW8PfCSr5z8_zLM7yNshZQKfwW50j0P45YkQxKW2gB-by2bjDZqW3tZhJl5126ryW3vcRht5stMk7W5ZWdJv5tyWxkW2n3njL87zwWrf302HH804>

   - Press Release
   <https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxLH5nXHCW8wM7ks6lZ3nMW7yY7r74gYLW6W7cgpc57qyCj0VMbGwD41hW7KW5fwTC873G2_yW3TH92L1vQZcBVghlcP6gx_jsW7QYD8B7ntrrFW6PRDQh3wTm5DW8lkhsl3hQlvmW1j69V266f7bZMk0tp5Hhb9tN2XWj_ZP0486W7rsTp18JxVxhW3HCxXc7-ClJmW9gj08y3Yt7hRW3m-rBx5hKdhMW6W-4qF4PZrFVW4MXmVB15qjLTW85sWyx2tFY-pW73q2P652yHX8W82LLnj6ZZq5HW8X0tFl8vf5PpW27Vm9q3sQ_1-W8XrXhq39pTmfW5tw9qp10ZjB8W2bD0tj25T06MN7djk6yZXMrPF8LL_h4GVgBW7HcL-g2Q6r7kW70pVCN3n8xxtVgHy5C75YDhwW1JP_yl8lZnP_W4s_G5C6vWyhGVp4jkS4cMfrTW8tzqwD561Y5pW3YwKM42fBMs5W7RkPny7t4ttVVq2cL736H9PxVY7dmW6yhCMsW6H9bgn2bw2VDW61tp7-5DKG3sW3SgWHq3vY6M3W1_BXdw8BK5PBN8PbNMzV1bFff5_7KR804>

   - Study Website
   <https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxLH3qn9qW8wLKSR6lZ3p8N42Q62vjfgJhN5ssFGYWhkB6W8M7H7W4qRFFZW26Gwyx1pKRz3W3N1m0-5jDvr4W1zC_6s1bsn2SW6xQbk92QDRc_W3ZgG_m31SLrjMjVPXb9gymjVcDKlk59zkvqW6Ygrx98Rx8_zW4h-wJg79DrpBW2gBV-m6Yz4cMW4pCJKr7sT-XyW38b-LN8drxf3W6-Jxsw4gClTMW3xH5y31MXTh_N3xd9hHJY4-JMKpl7CGS9QmW7LDcXB3cW0jmW5X_PYN6KM_gnW2t_kpL1_ykBGW9jZt038F0P8vVwTv1p7qrFKsW5H1DMn3c2PsyW8jz7kH2yWkPrW1DNwzq2y9038W6M4nmq5KDrPfd666BT04>

Related Publications:
[image: Foundation Models for Scientific Discovery and Innovation:
Opportunities Across the Department of Energy and the Scientific Enterprise]
<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3mMW1_7P8L26QD1JV-xR2s1jY123VkzpB54zffpMW2ql7p75dxSf-N4mmdxTJZr2-W77tzP_3BRyV8W4p9pf81sh-x4W8747bp19Dz6lW4MzzwS4fKTmSW4tWp7f375cYJW6F-jz91lZhrcW2h8H4D1S7qRLW6qD8rJ1Mg9H7W7tbdsN5dFFJXW7nm4lB93r9thW8THqj78Rc4fJW2Sy9wt2lmyY3N84VnSdhCWp5N2XRK-6Jl6NsW3HzQ8X2d1rH8W6Wwbzk5fV1tBW7X_vkN7RjfDkVzVlrr2wCSgDW8mSgH62tq6pjdSZVPW04>
Foundation Models for Scientific Discovery and Innovation: Opportunities
Across the Department of Energy and the Scientific Enterprise
<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3nyW49mgJk8rHzwHW5pfY774k0cp8W3BqBSc6MLD9sW314ShB8GkqmnW6-WsrY1lYjt3W5N9XxL5xq0qtW8XQdtw9jvXYtW2CFxMD1wR-9-N6w6-cjgk44jW3J2jKP9jqQSxW87XdkB3V-bgQW1F5wlP6v2kxZW4TtmJn2lm6p5W12ptSm2zdTyyW8Q2JMw4VVfQ3N1zPKkg8-NvtW789_384Hw7fVW9bs1gm1JhH9LW3jqDh21WW71HW95-XlR6J7MDqVNjdTw3fGy3qW95nCwP7Zyw_NW8qp_1y7MbYhgW4Cwt1y2tDtV9f7DRqMM04>

Foundation models – artificial intelligence systems trained on massive data
sets to perform a wide range of tasks – have the potential to transform
scientific discovery and innovation. At the ...
[read more]
<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3lzW1qMWZm8_JLfrW7V9WR-2Zvw2mW5fpLM01XMtj3W1LgG8Z6t3tJkMMFlsr5s293W29H8yC64krMyW4CdhY08-8mLWW5RxKVc48khcRW8jSsG47YrtqpW5_Bgj56K69ZjW3VTD_r4kwhfjW49YzT94PmlP0W8QJLNM7-0rwKN8-HtmV7XmzJW4Cq3c72dlK9xW80BTB42hycMLW6WJc4F6M0DLJW80GLrr44hfNFW2jWZ7q4PyGq8W4XjbST84qNmGW8J-_2q4_LjtsM_T8rHcS0TbW2Cc-Fx2hBBQtW49cX4Z8mdfntf4w2w9T04>

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Challenges, and a Research Agenda]
<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3ndW8Xsn918wSgDnW6_Snrf2J6kNmW7g3bkh8hS3VxW2CBZnD2LG4H2W4ddnLH2QsxxbW6Z357Z81pl21W8hlYKT2JwsBsW54cCVK23CbKzN3nFJbrwN44GW84chNV2mxmt9W29G_9B3GcfWtW2l2PS33msCrfN50sy2K_wRg4V3Kcsv7x1QjnW2yB5DX6s6DTLW8DQ9hg94tBmnW3z1sQ336zm_JW2KFDpD6gq8hSW4Gjzx249wmsYW4pgC8p18p5x4W5QmPKR9gHdPVW8HjcfG5zZJ6zW6f6Qhk39yXkRW3jjSfh5P6skpf2ZgRvn04>
Machine Learning for Safety-Critical Applications: Opportunities,
Challenges, and a Research Agenda
<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3pKW1z1bvF6dvSQKN4_00R9k0RvWW5G-JSY7-9ncNW8Wgt9c85DtN9W58Yzht98vqvxW2lTPTP68mFttVDP-8T6lc-xbW4cnQWz4G9ywlN37VLqJPKynNW1M1zjd71vZ9lW6YvqHh7-DfQSW7zgnJV2CBpcxW1cL8rK5zjdFmW7Q5NlZ33Ngh6W4136746_4RpjW459R021-5f_2W1sp3yt5dSnz2W7bCY4N60WW5CW22c1z42GC9HnW480TRT5QWBF7W7qybR05s0cgRW4vfltb8kk1KkW33v2pc54rLS0VXQJSV70_c_hf6tg-jW04>

Advances in artificial intelligence, and specifically in machine learning,
are enabling new capabilities across nearly every sector of the economy.
Many of these applications - such as automated ...
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<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3m_W5FSrth97Whw0W7kpjFq4jk0zNW5NFdmf4J2JchW1jyFn931r9vXW3vf8ZB21Sy01W7wh41Z16RXmTN3DdN6Q4FF_yVnBkLs4LJBSrV6y23X16r4BhW6_vPQ1494_TLW6lmxR_6ty3WyMlGsWS40PmLN5kdNvST_LMhW9kY14s5kDfGQV40l8y6V9f4DW8n4lgs3RNMhHW3NljFY5TbwX8VyGv421n_0yBN3XnNS7QpldnN9hrgjkCNZ_zW32rX7056GPCYW2qz5XW2DMsWsW7MmWx126kH-hW6Fnx8J2hh2xlf7x9Q4H04>

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<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3q4W5nMRlG5LlGdqW5NdtsJ5T452-W7xjR9d6cDZ-LW2m4-087STP4LW2W2rmf4JNmzXW6yYNxl5cnPGvW3Y3qcJ3C44mKW42j_NZ8QP4DJW5PpD1d3WvmVsW8rKgtb3Wr7PrW6mj1lt2rj-JCW8WZHHL6cgKT8W8-dMY31wBj8YW891TvS7VPR_wW2rTZhZ661VXdW2hyNhs3yWLSVW7by1KZ50BFM7W3SW4kd415RhKW65nFfh7JMzPgW29-HYY9hxFHjMR8f3PrHb2vW7djdbw6hwwLpW36h21J8QmrZfVwJ67m3t386hf97Nx1Y04>

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<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3mnW6SKY456PRkGTW2p2TCP1HhTKvW1vfNw96x_DWqW2J7_dX1KSqKMN6K19bJZXgLDW2Bdbf-27FplfW7TzFxg7PtWSrW7Kf73W7kpR-YW8hQgg77-rQNgW2CRdwj6F3zLZW74LJxX21t6W7N892_sTN3K2XW1f0yrf8hTqjLW6R1cbF4kMyCvW3SNwFr20lTn5W5J3Cvm2RTR-sW3gJ4137NML8TW7J-VQ25RYMCwW3_cQhc1SjXjvW8yN7fv8mVzYFW3qFR8H406LSWVJCPdW6Kj3-nN85FrMZpn8vkW2WGPqR98ff2Mf4MXqqR04>
Foundational Research Gaps and Future Directions for Digital Twins
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Across multiple domains of science, engineering, and medicine, excitement
is growing about the potential of digital twins to transform scientific
research, industrial practices, and many aspects ...
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<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3pdW7QWKwx1R3T0HW7dFjxz2ZbR-BW5_Rb0z8N8HBtN8vTpPmPnhZNW6zy1Hh1P_HLdW8LZK4v355PlLW3-TXym6JXYyXW7n-n2W76dDlZW6f3sxN2mpBz0W3P9J2_58fj8cW5KrrG58sVVyqW8LsqQV3Fc12wN5RRBlJZRsjBW7SC0_69jnHG-W1VkJHr9khgW7N5Mg57Jmdgk5N9gzyzzHd_6BW8zl1wJ19C6tnW1lzYz84RPVVDW8X_hZn4Sj5GgW1KHdJM3kjysLW4XLwsg5HbHMnV2t1WJ8n2D-0Vtq0G_43bnVMf4BLkbM04>

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[image: Cyber Hard Problems: Focused Steps Toward a Resilient Digital
Future]
<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3kZW8ndLFd1Gc8W6V3TRCc4pKfbzW4FC1wK2GYYNGW8Fj4ZT7KSZqKW4RryhS94mrjMW4Hdgbt6qlLslW4c3DgW65f49XW4RSW_-1WblXHW8gZPmd4q2YLJW2hXFST5638JMW1fG9774Gy8q3W3tLVfx2gVVL3W1Tr8nb76tR90W4kfPRQ5xq5fHW6fl9jD6D_CNVW5ztv7154VB8_W4v-Z7d4dBC2KW8wh8NN34MYmWW6jpXW715YbnPW8slwsF6Q1QKMW1zZMD019L-ZpW8hpxky8NhLN7W8xmgNF2Wr8zzW5_6nL16c6pyLf8q8cj-04>
Cyber Hard Problems: Focused Steps Toward a Resilient Digital Future
<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3lcW8nND738ZxL5_N2xnxjzY2fcWV1QKC14_84bsW6yDSD-1rB_b3W2wFDt693bLkrW4B27w62k8mBKW1Yg-Dl1mTbMsW8yzgrq8-8J83VkVx845ldFbgW4FQ6TJ7lwcgyW2CK1FQ2NjfF1W377S283jGRHwW3CJxxS5gfLv3W6GCYJh4R3SYtW3hGJwN1Y2FC6W6JdJBF8pXxBRW67z_Rg3hP6VVW2qypVf1Pvmv1N89f939mccDPW62YTST2Pb1KyVz-2lw75CFCrW5LYzHR2vxq-MW8kkFDF4zBR1YN2jksVLW0128f7HHZCn04>

Cyber technologies underpin every facet of the economy and are critical for
national security. Cyber and cyber-enabled systems are rapidly growing in
both complexity and scale, and - despite ...
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[image: Defense Software for a Contested Future: Agility, Assurance, and
Incentives]
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Defense Software for a Contested Future: Agility, Assurance, and Incentives
<https://d5Prq104.na1.hubspotlinks.com/Ctc/DR+113/d5Prq104/MVr6n6d54pmW2-_w_T5-TfSKW3X6sTS5HlknyN4qMxL43qn9qW7lCdLW6lZ3lVW803r_v7cNtrDVYY3Gs4TFsYSW5v2MJp1qbTWSW7NRjq_8cZBgQW96ZQH23FVZ-4W72l6GG6nptpYW2y5gCp1DSml-W7lnp4Z6y8g3sW4CN0Qy6bcGgTW1SlKN33W2-h6W2TqJ5C30dxr4W961wDR3xXBYkW6lP6nh7pvvhXW6Zb5Sh5S8Z7NW8SW8tB92ZFKVW6Ks-3C5g16bhW2cL5bk3lR6KzW21px8X9fx0FLW68qsqL21XhrsW7sdktj1KfK0VW5L5blS2lbZ_LW5d2mYq955C_NVDpLkP8Hfy9FVyZfkw63YdFMdvnpbW04>

U.S. national security depends on defense software that is secure,
reliable, and agile. At the request of the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA), the National Academies of ...
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