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<span class="m-642861739458883080normaltextrun"><b><span style="font-size:26.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#006FC0">Physics & Astronomy Colloquium</span></b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><i><span style="font-size:26.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Direct Imaging of Extrasolar Planets and the
<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><i><span style="font-size:26.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Gemini Planet Imager</span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<span class="m-642861739458883080scxw113168724"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><br>
</span><span class="m-642861739458883080normaltextrun"><b><i><span style="font-size:28.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Dr. Bruce MacIntosh<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></span></p>
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<span class="m-642861739458883080normaltextrun"><span style="font-size:26.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Director, UC Observatories
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<span class="m-642861739458883080normaltextrun"><span style="font-size:26.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">UC Santa Cruz</span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Abstract: Direct detection of extrasolar planets - spatially resolving a planet from its host star while blocking, moving, or post-processing the starlight - is a powerful complement to transit,
RV, and microlensing approaches. Direct detection is sensitive to planets in wider orbit, and allows spectroscopic characterization of planetary atmosheres. One of the most effective instruments in this regime has been the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI). GPI was
a facility instrument combining advanced adaptive optics, a diffraction-controlling coronagraph, and an infrared integral field spectrograph on the Gemini South Telescope. From 2014-2019 we carried out the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey (GPIES), which
observed 532 young (10-200 Myr) nearby stars. I will summarize the key results of the GPIES program, including constraints on giant-planet distributions and atmospheric properties. We have also extensively characterized GPI’s performance, leading to insights
into next-generation systems.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">With current technology, direct imaging with GPI or other instruments is sensitive primarily to planets that are significantly younger than, more massive than, and in wider orbits than Jupiter,
and such planets are rare. Moving beyond this will require new capabilities. The GPI 2.0 project upgrades the existing instrument with faster adaptive optics, better coronagraph designs, and new spectrograph modes. When deployed on Gemini North, GPI 2.0 will
be able to search younger stars in the Taurus and Ophiucus star-forming regions, and be sensitive to Jupiter-like “cold start” planets. I will summarize the science drivers that guided the GPI 2.0 upgrade and the project’s status.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In the even longer run, direct imaging is the best path to characterizing true Earth analogs - planets orbiting in the habitable zone of sunlike stars, beyond the reach of practical transit
spectroscopy. Such detection will require a dedicated space mission incorporating an advanced coronagraph. The recent Astro2020 Decadal Survey laid out a vision leading such a mission over the next decades. Finally, I will summarize the path forward for direct
imaging leading to that possible Earth<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span class="m-642861739458883080normaltextrun"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
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<span class="m-642861739458883080normaltextrun"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#2F5496">Thursday, April 6th, 2023</span></b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m-642861739458883080paragraph" align="center" style="margin:0in;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline">
<span class="m-642861739458883080normaltextrun"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#2F5496">3:40 PM in Winston Chung Hall (Room 138)</span></b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span class="m-642861739458883080normaltextrun"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#2F5496">Coffee will be served at 3:10 PM in the Barkas Lounge (3049 Physics)</span></b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Heather McDermott</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Travel & Events Coordinator</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Physics & Astronomy Dept.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">UC Riverside</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">3401 Watkins Dr.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Riverside, CA 92521</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">P: 951-827-6169</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Available via Zoom Link:
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="https://ucr.zoom.us/my/heathermcdermott" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;background:white">https://ucr.zoom.us/my/</span><span style="background:white">heathermcdermott</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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