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<div> here's some more cool writing exercises that Charles Bernstein came up with...</div>
<div>kenny</div>
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<div><A href="http://epc.buffalo.edu/authors/bernstein/"><SPAN style="COLOR: white"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>Charles Bernstein @ EPC </FONT></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: white"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></div>
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<div><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt">Experiments</SPAN></B> </FONT></div>
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<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Homolinguistic translation: Take a poem (someone else's, then your own) and translate it "English to English" by substituting word for word, phrase for phrase, line for line, or "free" translation as response to each phrase or sentence. Or translate the poem into another literary style or a different diction, for example into a slang or vernacular. Do several differnt types of homolinguistic transation of a single source poem. (Cf.<I>Six Fillious </I> by bp nichol, Steve McCaffery, Robert Fillious, George Brecht, Dick Higgins, Dieter Roth, which also included translation of the poem to French and German.) <I>Chaining</I>: try this with a group, sending the poem on for "translation" from person to another until you get back to the first author. (</FONT><A href="http://www.nemski.com/docs/Experiment_1.pdf"><FONT face="Times New Roman">See David Nemeth's version.)</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">. </FONT><A href="http://www.thing.net/%7Egrist/l&d/bpnichol/lnichol1.htm"><FONT face="Times New Roman">See also, bpNichol, <I>Translating Translating Apollinaire.</I></FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">He Do the Police in Voices: Dialect & Idiolect: Translate or compose a poem or other work into a different dialect or idiolect, your own or other. Dialect can include subculture lingo, slang, text messaging shothand, etc. For example, Steve McCaffery's translation of the Communist Manifesto in West Riding of Yorkshire dialect (at PennSound): </FONT><A href="http://mediamogul.seas.upenn.edu/pennsound/authors/McCaffery/Mccaffery-Steve_Kummunist-Manifesto_c1990.mp3"><FONT face="Times New Roman">audio,</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><A href="http://www.writing.upenn.edu/library/McCaffey-Steve_Kommunist-Manifesto.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">text.</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> See also </FONT><A href="http://wings.buffalo.edu/epc/ezines/tinfish/tinfish03/tinfish03.html#kageyama"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Nathan Kageyam's translation</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> of Pound's "The Return" into pidgin (Hawaiian Creole English). Use the </FONT><A href="http://rinkworks.com/dialect/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">dialect engine</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> to translate a text into one of several "dialects," then use the results to make a poem.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Homophonic translation: Take a poem in a foreign language that you can pronounce but not necessarily understand and translate the sound of the poem into English (e.g., French "blanc" to blank or "toute" to toot). Some examples: </FONT><A href="http://writing.upenn.edu/library/Zukofsky-Catullus-excerpt.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Louis and Celia Zukofsky's <I>Catullus</I>.</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">, David Melnick's Homer at </FONT><A href="http://www.princeton.edu/eclipse/facture.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Eclipse</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">: <I>Men in Aida </I>-- </FONT><A href="http://www.princeton.edu/eclipse/projects/AIDA/aida.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">part one</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> and</FONT><A href="http://www.princeton.edu/eclipse/projects/MenInAida/title.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> part two</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">; </FONT><A href="http://epc.buffalo.edu/authors/bernstein/syllabi/readings/silliman.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ron Silliman</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> on homophonic translation (his own, Melnick's, and Chris Tysh's), and two examples by Charles Bernstein -- </FONT><A href="http://epc.buffalo.edu/authors/bernstein/trasnlation/basque.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">from Basque</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> and </FONT><A href="http://epc.buffalo.edu/authors/bernstein/translation/me_transformo.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">from </FONT></A><A href="http://epc.buffalo.edu/authors/bernstein/translation/me_transformo.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Portuguese</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> . — Rewrite to suit? </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Lexical translation: Take a poem in a foreign language that you can pronounce but not necessarily understand and translate it word for word with the help of a bilingual dictionary. (Rewrite to suit?) "Language Is a Virus" provides a </FONT><A href="http://www.languageisavirus.com/translator.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">translation</SPAN> engine</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Try a variant of these four translation exercises using the </FONT><A href="http://www.tashian.com/multibabel/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"Lost in Translation"</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> "Babel" engine, or other web-based translations engines, such as </FONT><A href="http://babelfish.altavista.com/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Babelfish</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT><A href="http://www.freetranslation.com/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Free Translation.com </FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">and </FONT><A href="http://logopoeia.com/radio/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Logopoeia's Shortwave Radio Engine.</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Do multiple translations of a single poem, working in groups or indivdually. See </FONT><A href="http://www.writing.upenn.edu/pennsound/x/Bergvall.html#via"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Caroline Bergvall's poem setting </FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">of mutliple translations of the opening of Dante's <I>Divine Comedy, </I>from PennSound. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Misheard: Write a poem composed entirely of misheard song lyrics, clichés, overheard conversations, news headlines, menu items, etc. See Kenneth Goldsmith, </FONT><A href="http://www.epc.buffalo.edu/authors/goldsmith/works/head_citations.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"Head Citations" </FONT></A></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Acrostic chance: Pick a book at random and use title as acrostic key phrase. For each letter of key phrase go to page number in book that corresponds (a=1, z=26) and copy as first line of poem from the first word that begins with that letter to end of line or sentence. Continue through all key letters, leaving stanza breaks to mark each new key word. (Cf.: </FONT><A href="http://epc.buffalo.edu/authors/maclow/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Jackson Mac Low'</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">s <I>Stanzas for Iris Lezak</I>.) Variations include using author's name as code for reading through her or his work, using your own or friend's name, picking different kinds of books for this process, devising alternative acrostic procedures. Or use the web </FONT><A href="http://www.eskimo.com/%7Erstarr/poormfa/diastic.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Mac Low diastic engine</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Tzara's Hat: Everyone in a group writes down a word (alternative: phrase, line) and puts it in a hat. Poem is made according to the order in which it is randomly pulled from hat. (Solo: pick a series of words or lines from books, newspapers, magazines to put in the hat.) </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Burroughs's fold-in: Take two different pages from a newspaper or magazine article, or a book, and cut the pages in half vertically. Paste the mismatched pages together. (Cf.: William Burroughs’s <I>The Third Mind</I>.) Use the computer </FONT><A href="http://www.headmap.org/index/headmapt/headmaps/gysinbur.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">cut-up engine</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> to perform a similar task automatically; also engines at </FONT><A href="http://www.languageisavirus.com/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"Language Is a Virus</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">:" </FONT><A title="Cut Up Machine" href="http://www.languageisavirus.com/cutupmachine.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cut Up Machine,</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><A title=Slice-n-Dice href="http://www.languageisavirus.com/cgi-bin/slice-n-dice.cgi"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Slice-n-Dice</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT><A title="Exquisite Cadavulator" href="http://www.languageisavirus.com/cgi-bin/exquisitecadavulator.pl"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Exquisite Cadavulator. </FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">And: </FONT><A href="http://www.eskimo.com/%7Erstarr/poormfa/travesty.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ron Starr's travesty engine.</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">General cut-ups: Write a poem composed entirely of phrases lifted from other sources. Use one source for a poem and then many; try different types of sources: literary, historical, magazines, advertisements, manuals, dictionaries, instructions, travelogues, etc. See cut-up engines listed above.. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><A href="http://poetry.about.com/library/weekly/aa102098.htm"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cento</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">: Write a collage made up of full-lines of selected source poems. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Serial sentences: Select one sentence each from a variety of different books or other sources. Add sentences of your own composition. Combine into one paragraph, reordering to produce the most interesting results. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Substitution (1): "Mad libs." Take a poem (or other source text) and put blanks in place of three or four words in each line, noting the part of speech under each blank. Fill in the blanks being sure not to recall the original context. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Substitution (2): "7 up or down." Take a poem or other, possibly well‑known, text and substitute another word for every noun, adjective, adverb, and verb; determine the substitute word by looking up the index word in the dictionary and going 7 up or down, or one more, until you get a syntactically suitable replacement. (Cf.: Lee Ann Brown's </FONT><A href="http://bostonreview.mit.edu/BR23.5/Equi.html#Pledge"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"Pledge"</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> & Michael Magee's "Pledge" <I>(</I>go to p.37 of </FONT><A href="http://handwritten.org/downloads/magee.pdf"><FONT face="Times New Roman">pdf of <I>Morning Constitutional</I></FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">) or Clark Coolidge and Larry Fagin, <I>On the Pumice of Morons</I>.)</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Substitution (3): Find and replace. Systematically replace one word in a source text with another word or string of words. Perform this operation serially with the same source text, increasing the number of words in the replace string. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Alphabet poems: make up a poem of 26 words so that each word begins with the next letter of the alphabet. Write another alphabet poem but scramble the letter order.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Alliteration (assonance): Write a poem in which all the words in each line begin with the same letter.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Recombination (1): Write a poem and cut it somewhere in the middle, then recombine with the beginning part following the ending part.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Recomination (2) -- Doubling: Starting with one sentence, write a series of paragraphs each doubling the number of sentences in the previous paragraph and including all the words used previously. (Cf. </FONT><A href="http://epc.buffalo.edu/authors/silliman/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ron Silliman</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">'s <I>Ketjak</I>)</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Collaboration: Write poems with one or more other people, alternating words, lines, or stanzas (chaining or renga), writing simultaneously and collaging, rewriting, editing, supplementing the previous version. This can be done in person, via e-mail, or via regular mail.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Group sonnet: 14 people each write one ten-word line (or alternate measure) on an index card. Order to suit. Alternate: write the poem in sequence, with each person writing the next line having read and considered the previous lines. Modify this to any form or to an open form with any number of participants. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Collaborative Surrealist Language Event (I) (for two or more people): One person writes down a question without showing it to anyone else; simultaneously, another person writes down an answer; poem is formed by a series of these questions and answers. Alternate form: One question: multiple answers; vice versa. For example: "When candlelight proves disastrous for performing an appendectomy / Peacocks and crocodiles would dance on the <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place w:st="on">Nile</st1:place> at noon. // If Homer’s brother is cannibalized in the forum by the barbarians / A puppy dog would go to lasco.// If Marx was born in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Boise</st1:place></st1:City> /Then the world would eat nothing but purple-colored ice cream." (Cf: Robert Desnos's ":Language Events.") </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Collaborative Surrealist Language Event (II) (for two or more people): One person writes a clause beginning "if" or "when"; without seeing this, a second person write a clause in the conditional or future tense. For example: " What is the pink elephant? The reason why it is so cold this week.// Is the door locked? / I have been faithful to thee, Cynara! in my fashion." (Cf: Robert Desnos's ":Language Events.") </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Modified Equisite Corpse: Each person in the group writes down one line, folds paper so the line cannot be seen, and passes to the next. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem in which you try to transcribe as accurately as you can your thoughts while you are writing. Don't edit anything out. Write as fast as you can without planning what you are going to say. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Autopilot: Trying as hard as you can not to think or consider what you are writing, write as much as you can as fast you can without any editing or concern for syntax, grammar, narrative, or logic. Try to keep this going for as long as possible: one hour, two hours, three hours: don't look back don't look up.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Dream work: Write down your dreams as the first thing you do every morning for 30 days. Apply translation and aleatoric processes to this material. Double the length of each dream. Weave them together into one poem, adding or changing or reordering material. Negate or reverse all statements ("I went down the hill to "I went up the hill," "I didn't" to "I did"). Borrow a friend's dreams and apply these techniques to them.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem made up entirely of neologisms or nonsense words or fragments of words. (Cf.: </FONT><A href="http://writing.upenn.edu/library/Jabberwocky.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Lewis Carroll's "Jabberwocky"</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">, Khlebnikov's <I>zaum</I>, Schwitters "</FONT><A href="http://writing.upenn.edu/library/Schwitters-Kurt_Ur-Sonate.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ur Sonata</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">." P. Inman's<I>, <A href="http://www.princeton.edu/eclipse/projects/OCKER/ocker.html">Ocker</A>, <A href="http://www.princeton.edu/eclipse/projects/PLATIN/platin.html">Platin</A></I> and <I><A href="http://www.princeton.edu/eclipse/projects/UNEVEN/uneven.html">Uneven Devlelpment </A></I></FONT><A href="http://www.princeton.edu/eclipse/projects/UNEVEN/uneven.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">and David Melnick's</FONT><A href="http://www.princeton.edu/eclipse/projects/PCOET/pcoet.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <I>Pcoet</I>. </FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">(via Eclipse). Use Neil Hennessy's </FONT><A href="http://www.chbooks.com/online/jabber/index.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">JABBER: The Jabberwocky Engine</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> to generate lexicon. Also see </FONT><A href="http://cla.umn.edu/joglars/neologisms/dictionary.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">The International Dictionary of Neologisms</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem with each line filling in the blanks of "I used to be _____ but now I am ______." ("I used to write poems, but now I just do experiments"; "I used to make sense, but now I just make poems.")</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem consisting entirely of things you'd like to say, but never would, to a parent, lover, sibling, child, teacher, roommate, best friend, mayor, president, corporate CEO, etc.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Take same sentence or stanza and cast it as if said to oneself silently, half-whispered, said to an intimate, said to a small group, said to a large group.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem consisting entirely of overheard conversation.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Nonliterary forms: Write a poem in the form of an index, a table of contents, a resume, an advertisement for an imaginary or real product, an instruction manual, a travel guide, a quiz or examination, etc. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Imitation: Write a poem in the style of each of a dozen poets who you like and dislike. Try to make it as close to a forgery of an "unknown" poem of the author as possible.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem without mentioning any objects.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem focussing on a single object of "thing." See </FONT><A href="http://unix.cc.wmich.edu/%7Ecooneys/poems/fr/ponge.orange.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ponge on an orange</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Backwards: Reverse or alter the line sequence of a poem of your own or someone else's. Next, reverse the word order. Rather than reverse, scramble.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write an autobiographical poem without using any pronouns.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Attention: Write down everything you hear for one hour.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Brainard's Memory: Write a poem all of whose lines start "I remember ..." (Cf.: Joe Brainard's <I><A href="http://www.twc.org/forums/iremember/iremembers/index.html">I Remember</A></I> & </FONT><A href="http://writing.upenn.edu/bernstein/Joe%20Brainard%20|%20excerpt%20from%20More%20I%20Remember%20More"><FONT face="Times New Roman">audio from UBU </FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">) . ALSO: Brainard's: </FONT><A href="http://www.joebrainard.org/10_Imaginary_Still_Lifes.htm"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Imaginary Still Lifes</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"Pits": Write the worst possible poem you can imagine.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Counting: Write poems that conform to various numeric patterns for number of words in a line or sentence, number of lines in a stanza or paragraph, number of stanzas or paragraphs in a work. Alternately, count letters or syllables. Use complex numeric series or simpler fixed-number patterns. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem just when you are on the verge of falling asleep. Write a line a day as you are falling asleep or waking up. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">[Removed for further study]</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">List poem 1: Write a poem consisting of favorite words or phrases collected over a period of time; pick your favorite words from a particular book.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">List poem 2: write a poem consisting entirely of a list of "things", either homogenous or heterogeneous (common lists include shopping lists, things to do, lists of flowers or rocks, lists of colors, inventory lists, lists of events, lists of names, ...).</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Chronology: Make up a list of dates with associated events, real or imagined.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Transcription: Tape a phone or live conversation between yourself and a friend. Make a poem composed entirely of transcribed parts.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Canceling: Write a series of lines or rhymes such that every other one cancels the one before ("I come before you / to stand behind you").</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Erasure: Take a poem of your own or someone else's and crossout most of the words on each poem, retype what remains as your poem. (Cf.: Ronald Johnson's <I>RADI OS</I> from <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Milton</st1:place></st1:City>.)</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a series of ten poems going from one to ten words in each poem. Reorder.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem composed entirely of questions.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem made up entirely of directions.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem consisting only of opening lines (improvise your own lines, then use source texts). </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem consisting only of prepositions, then of prepositions and one other part of speech, then three part of speech. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a series of eight-word lines consisting of one each of each part of speech.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a poem consisting of one-word lines; write a poem consisting of two-word lines; write a poem consisting of three-word lines. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Pick 20 words, either a word list you generate yourself or from source texts. Write three different poems using only these words.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Synchronicity: Write a poem in which all the events occur simultaneously.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Diachronicity: Write a poem in which all the events occur in different places and at different times. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Visual poetry: write poems with strong visual or "concrete" elements — including a combination of lexical and nonlexical (pictorial) elements. Play with alphabets and typography, placement of words on the page, etc. (See </FONT><A href="http://www.ubu.com/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">UBUWEB</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> for many examples,)</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Write a series of stanzas or poems while listening to music; change type of music for each stanza or poem.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Elimination: Cut out the second half of sentences.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Excuses list: Write a poem made up entirely of excuses.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Sprung Diary: Write a diary tracking and intercutting multiple levels of thoughts, experiences, anticipations, expectations, from minute to major. (Cf.. </FONT><A href="http://epc.buffalo.edu/authors/weiner/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Hannah Weiner</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">'s <I>Clairvoyant Journal</I>.)</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"Walking on Colors": Walk a city block or a country mile paying attention as much as possible to one color; list all the things found in this one color; write about it.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Negation/Opposites: Negate every phrase or sentence in the poem or in some way substitute opposite words for selected words in the source text: "I went to the beach" becomes "I went to the office"; "I got up" becomes "She sat down"; "I will" become "I will not", etc. As an alternative, take a poem and change what it says line for line or phrase for phrase; not opposite, just different. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><A href="http://www.leevilehto.net/google/google.asp"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Google Poem</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">: construct a poem using Leevi Lehto's engine (use the </FONT><A href="http://www.leevilehto.net/google/patterns.asp"><FONT face="Times New Roman">patterns</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> feature). See also (if it comes back on line) Bill Luomo's Lizardo engine. Alternate Google poem, based on M. Silem Mohammad's <I>Deer Head Nation</I> : use Google search results as the source material for a poem: erase as much as you like, but don't add anything. Many variations possible. See also: </FONT><A href="http://apostropheengine.ca/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">The Apostrophe Engine</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">, the source for <I>Apostrophe: The Book</I> by Bill Kennedy and Darren Wershler-Henry. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FLARF: A recent extension of this approach, which is developing independent, is called "flarf." Michael Magree explains, in this Experiments List exclusive report, </FONT><A href="http://epc.buffalo.edu/authors/bernstein/syllabi/readings/flarf.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"The Flarf Files."</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Use the </FONT><A href="http://googlism.com/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Googlism </FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">engine to create a poem based on a name or word. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Multilingual poem: write a poem using several languages that are integrated into the single poem. (Cf: Anne Tardos). </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Pick several images from the internet or a magazine and write an accompanying poem . </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Graphic design 101.1: Take a poem, first another's then your own, and set it ten differnet ways, using different fonts and different page sizes. Make a web version of the poem.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Take a poem, first another's then your own, and rerrange the line breaks or visual compostion, while keeping the same word order. Do this five times, some with freely composed arrangements and some using some form of counting. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">From Stacy Doris: <st1:place w:st="on">I.</st1:place> Write a poem (or take a poem you have already written on the topic) about sex. Then rewrite it, substituting words having to do with warfare for the words having to do with sex. II. Write a poem (or take a poem you have already written on the topic) about love. Then rewrite it, substituting words having to do with government for the words of amorousness. III. Write a poem (or take a poem you have already written on the topic) about god and religion. Then rewrite it, substituting words having to do with a political figure whose policy you oppose for the words referring to faith and god.</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Christian Bök's lipogram <I>Eunoia</I> consists of a five sections each with words containing the same vowell (as in "O": Yoko Ono). This is reminiscent of certain notorious Ouilipian constrains, such as Perec's nover <I>La Disparition</I> , which suppresses the letter "e". Write a poem in the manner of <I>Eunoia</I>..</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Proliferating styles. In 1947, Raymond Queneau, a founding member of OuLoPo (Ouvroir de Littérature Potentielle, or "Workshop of Potential Literature") published <I>Excercises de Style</I>, 99 variations on the "same" story. Each of this 99 approaches could take a place of honor in this list but best to turn to that work for the enumeration and explanation. For present purposes (if purposes doesn't strike an overly teleological chord), suffice it to say that an intial incident, mood, core proposition, description, idea, or indeed, story, might be run through the present list of experiments, though to what end only the Shadow knows, and maybe not even the Shadow. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Modular poems. One example: Queneau's <I><A href="http://www.bevrowe.info/Poems/QueneauRandom_v2.html">One Hundred Thousand Billion Poems</A></I></FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Use any of these experiments that involve as source text as a way of reading through already existing poems; that is, as interactive tools for "creative reading." As an extention, study poems via the modes of</FONT><A href="http://www.iath.virginia.edu/%7Ejjm2f/deform.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> "Deformative Criticism" </FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">(the term is from Jerome McGann and Lisa Samuel). For example, take a poem and erase all but one part of speech, leaving the visual layout intact, or read it backward or otherwise re-order it, or translate it (using any of the translation excercises listed here), Alternately, use these experiments as a way to rewrite or transform your own poems. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Use the </FONT><A href="http://www.crummy.com/devel/eater/"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"Meaning Eater</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">" engine to deform the text of a poem. </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Use a sound editor to scramble, resound a sound file of a poem. (See </FONT><A href="http://writing.upenn.edu/pennsound/x/deformance.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">PennSound Deformance page</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">, under constuction.) </FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Make a poem composed of all the things you don't know (or some of them)</FONT></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Make up more experiments. </FONT></LI></OL>
<div><FONT face="Times New Roman">Remember: Poems can be in prose format! Rewrite and recombine, collage, splice together the material generated from these experiments into one long ongoing poem!Compiled by Charles Bernstein. (C) 1996-2006 by Poets' Ludicrously Aimless Yearning (PLAY). Dispense only as appropriate and under the supervision of an attending reader. Individual experiments are not liable for injury or failure resulting from improper use of appliance. Any profits accrued as a direct or indirect result of the use of these formulas shall be redistributed to the language at large. Management assumes no responsibility for damages that may result consequent to the use of this material in educational institutions or individual writing project. <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">revised July 2006. <A href="http://www.nokturno.org/tuli-savu/index.php?sivu=6">The Finnish translation of the list. </A></SPAN></FONT></div>
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<div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">This list was inspired by Bernadette Mayer's compilation from the 1970s. For more Experiments, and Journal ideas, go to: </FONT><A href="http://www.poetryproject.com/features/mayer.html"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Bernadette Mayer</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">. </FONT></div>
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